1 These are the nations that the lord left in the land to test those Israelites who had not experienced the wars of Canaan.
2 He did this to teach warfare to generations of Israelites who had no experience in battle.
3 These are the nations: the Philistines (those living under the five Philistine rulers), all the Canaanites, the Sidonians, and the Hivites living in the mountains of Lebanon from Mount Baal-hermon to Lebo-hamath.
4 These people were left to test the Israelites—to see whether they would obey the commands the lord had given to their ancestors through Moses.